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The Abbey was founded in the eighth century. It was governed by the Benedictine rule. St. Papoul disciple of Saint Saturninus first bishop of Toulouse (third century AD.) Scalped and was martyred at a place called "The Hermitage". According to legend, he bent down and picked up the top of his skull, there springs a source.
A monk known for his asceticism, Saint Berenger, lived in the eleventh century. The crowds came to pray at the Abbey on his grave after the miracles that occurred there.

In 1317, Pope John XXII created the bishopric of St. Papoul, 34 bishops succeeded one another until the revolution. In 1361 the cathedral was plundered by the Road and in 1595 by Protestants.

The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the abbey underwent major restoration and the episcopal palace was rebuilt. A revolution was suppressed the bishopric and the cathedral became a parish church.